Basically you visit in your mind a place you know, for example a temple or your kitchen, and you create an image of each thing you want to remember and place it in a specific area: on the stove, in the refrigerator's door, in the sink, hanging from the tap. It could be arguments if you were a politician, facts, if you were a litigator, or a shopping list. Try it! It's actually fun. Helpful also if you are going to the Prospect Range event in Brooklyn, January 30th, and need to memorize a poem.
Curiosity is not going to kill this cat/La curiosité n'a jamais été un vilain défaut.
Wednesday, January 13, 2010
One ancient Greek's trick to memorize. For free!
Basically you visit in your mind a place you know, for example a temple or your kitchen, and you create an image of each thing you want to remember and place it in a specific area: on the stove, in the refrigerator's door, in the sink, hanging from the tap. It could be arguments if you were a politician, facts, if you were a litigator, or a shopping list. Try it! It's actually fun. Helpful also if you are going to the Prospect Range event in Brooklyn, January 30th, and need to memorize a poem.
Tuesday, January 12, 2010
Arshile Gorky and fauvism, cubism, surrealism, expressionism, etc.
Above: Organization, below: Virginia landscape
Then you get the feeling he saw a Kandinsky while in his surrealist period, and then you wonder how much he was influenced by De Kooning, how much they built up their expressionist style together. Maybe that's the most personal of his style, but it didn't impress me most, the compositions didn't seem as assured as during his previous periods. It still gives the impression he never came to his own, as if he couldn't own painting.
I felt like saying, go for it, Gorky, you can do it. The last years of his life were marked by personal tragedy, as they say, which is unlikely to have helped him reach maturity. But altogether, through all the different periods, the work is really beautiful, with plenty of drama in them..
Contributed by - Arabella Hutter
Saturday, January 9, 2010
Maupassant and Schopenhauer
Innocents,
by Honoré Daumier
right:
Being
tired, by Walter
Gramatté.
Here's the end of one of Maupassant's short story, should we say, sardonic?
"Schopenhauer had just died, and it was arranged that we should watch, in turn, two by two, till morning.He was lying in a large apartment, very simple, vast and gloomy. Two wax candles were burning on the stand by the bedside. It was midnight when I went on watch, together with one of our comrades. The two friends whom we replaced had left the apartment, and we came and sat down at the foot of the bed.
The face was not changed. It was laughing. That pucker which we knew so well lingered still around the corners of the lips, and it seemed to us that he was about to open his eyes, to move and to speak. His thought, or rather his thoughts, enveloped us. We felt ourselves more than ever in the atmosphere of his genius, absorbed, possessed by him. His domination seemed to be even more sovereign now that he was dead. A feeling of mystery was blended with the power of this incomparable spirit.
The bodies of these men disappear, but they themselves remain; and in the night which follows the cessation of their heart's pulsation I assure you, monsieur, they are terrifying.
And in hushed tones we talked about him, recalling to mind certain sayings, certain formulas of his, those startling maxims which are like jets of flame flung, in a few words, into the darkness of the Unknown Life.
"'It seems to me that he is going to speak,' said my comrade. And we stared with uneasiness bordering on fear at the motionless face, with its eternal laugh. Gradually, we began to feel ill at ease, oppressed, on the point of fainting. I faltered:
"I don't know what is the matter with me, but, I assure you I am not well.'
And at that moment we noticed that there was an unpleasant odor from the corpse. Then, my comrade suggested that we should go into the adjoining room, and leave the door open; and I assented to his proposal. I took one of the wax candles which burned on the stand, and I left the second behind. Then we went and sat down at the other end of the adjoining apartment, in such a position that we could see the bed and the corpse, clearly revealed by the light.
But he still held possession of us. One would have said that his immaterial essence, liberated, free, all-powerful and dominating, was flitting around us. And sometimes, too, the dreadful odor of the decomposed body came toward us and penetrated us, sickening and indefinable. Suddenly a shiver passed through our bones: a sound, a slight sound, came from the death-chamber. Immediately we fixed our glances on him, and we saw, yes, monsieur, we saw distinctly, both of us, something white pass across the bed, fall on the carpet, and vanish under an armchair. We were on our feet before we had time to think of anything, distracted by stupefying terror, ready to run away. Then we stared at each other. We were horribly pale. Our hearts throbbed fiercely enough to have raised the clothing on our chests. I was the first to speak:
"'Did you see?'
"'Yes, I saw.'
"'Can it be that he is not dead?'
"'Why, when the body is putrefying?'
"'What are we to do?'
"My companion said in a hesitating tone:
"'We must go and look.'
I took our wax candle and entered first, glancing into all the dark corners in the large apartment. Nothing was moving now, and I approached the bed. But I stood transfixed with stupor and fright: Schopenhauer was no longer laughing! He was grinning in a horrible fashion, with his lips pressed together and deep hollows in his cheeks. I stammered out:
"'He is not dead!'
But the terrible odor ascended to my nose and stifled me. And I no longer moved, but kept staring fixedly at him, terrified as if in the presence of an apparition. Then my companion, having seized the other wax candle, bent forward. Next, he touched my arm without uttering a word. I followed his glance, and saw on the ground, under the armchair by the side of the bed, standing out white on the dark carpet, and open as if to bite, Schopenhauer's set of artificial teeth.
The work of decomposition, loosening the jaws, had made it jump out of the mouth.
From "Beside Schopenhauer's Corpse"
contributed by -- Arabella Hutter
Thursday, January 7, 2010
Pessimistes à qui mieux mieux
Wednesday, January 6, 2010
antipathie/sympathie et Schopenhauer
Tuesday, January 5, 2010
sympathy/antipathy for Schopenhauer
While Schopenhauer's antisemitism is detestable, as is his misogyny, his defense of animal rights is quite amazing. Two centuries in advance of its time. One could argue that his personal life had a lot to do with these likes and dislikes. His competitive feelings towards Spinoza. Again, a strict and stern system of thought which is likely to have been a poor fit for his feminine acquaintances. His loneliness. Only relieved by ... his poodle?
Monday, January 4, 2010
microblog: Schopenhauer and genius
Sunday, January 3, 2010
microblog: Schopenhauer et le génie
Saturday, January 2, 2010
The dangers of History
Sarkozy is eliminating history/geography from France's school curriculum. Not surprisingly. History does not serve him. In the USA, while history is taught in order to gel a sense of identity around the country's originating myth, geography is ignored. Could be unpleasant if Americans got too nosy about the blurry world beyond their borders. Similarly, the historical past of France is a dangerous precedent to refer to: Revolutions in 18th and 19th Century, La Commune (control of Paris by its working class in 1870), Le Front Populaire (workers movement in the 1930s), May 68, etc.
Below a small passage from "London", a semi autobiographical text about my years in Thatcher's capital in the 80s.
"Our individual pasts slip gently into oblivion, after two or three generations. Mine, as I revisit it, is melting with history: the Thatcher era. The power of the intellectual elite is weakening. When the middle class ruled, they needed to reinforce the principal source of their wealth: knowledge. There is no knowledge without memory, without a past. Now that money has supplanted middle class and its culture, it is in corporations' interest that historical landmarks such as unions, human rights, freedom, equality are forgotten. Will history survive? Will anyone still take an interest in us? Will archeologists dig up Camberwell, looking for artifacts from 1980's squatters?"
Friday, January 1, 2010
Les histoires, ça suffit.
Sarkozy supprime l'histoire géographie obligatoire, ben voyons. Il était évident que nous en arriverions là. La France ne veut plus d'histoires et plus d'histoire. Aux USA, si on enseigne l'histoire pour tresser un sentiment d'identité centré sur les origines du pays, depuis longtemps on n'enseigne plus la géographie. Ce serait dangereux si les Américains apprennaient que le monde ne s'arrête pas à leurs frontières. Ci-dessous un passage de "London", mon texte semi autobiographique (à paraître) qui parle d'histoires, de l'histoire et de sa suppression imminnente:
"Notre passé personnel s’efface doucement, après deux ou trois générations. Le mien, sur lequel je me retourne, se confond maintenant avec un passé historique, l'époque Thatchérienne. Le pouvoir de l'élite intellectuelle diminue. Les bourgeois étaient au pouvoir, il fallait qu'ils renforcent la principale source de leur richesse: le savoir. Et pas de savoir sans mémoire sans passé. Maintenant que l'argent a remplacé le savoir bourgeoisie culture au pouvoir, les corporations ont avantage à ce qu’on ne se souvienne pas trop et surtout pas du syndicalisme ou droits ou liberté fraternité égalité, y aura-t-il encore de l'histoire? S'intéressera-t-on encore à nous? Y aura-t-il des archéologues qui fouilleront Camberwell à la recherche d'artifacts laissés par ses squatters?"
Contribué par - Arabella Hutter
Thursday, December 31, 2009
1. a list 2. a list 3. a list 4. a list 5. a list 6. etc.
Tuesday, December 29, 2009
1. Une liste 2. Une liste 3. Une liste 4. Une liste 5. etc
Comminiqué par - Arabella Hutter
Thursday, December 24, 2009
L'introduction d'Edouard Glissant à "The Legacy of French Rule in India"
A droite, Ananda Ranga Pillai, un marchand dont le journal offre un témoignage extraordinaire des rapports entre occupants français et population locale: nous en reparlerons! Ci-dessous, une gravure de Pondichéry au XVIIIème siècle, avec amirauté et entrepôts.
J'ai le plaisir de présenter ici l'introduction d'Edouard Glissant au livre d'Animesh Rai. Elle situe parfaitement le sujet de "The Legacy of French Rule in India" en offrant à la fois le contexte historique et les implications plus larges du thème.
Au-dessous du texte de Glissant, vous trouverez les détails de ce livre unique, entre autre où il est possible de le commander.
Les comptoirs de l’Inde
C’est par ce titre, assez peu commun, que l’on désigna les territoires occupés par la France dans les immensités de l’Inde, alors que celle-ci était encore une colonie de la Couronne britannique. Territoires exigus, assez éloignés les uns des autres, mais dont l’appellation toujours groupée, Pondichéry Chandernagor Yanaon Karikal et Mahé, donnait l’impression d’un seul corps de terres, ou plutôt d’un archipel assez bien regroupé. « Comptoirs » voulait aussi laisser à entendre que l’occupation française était bien particulière et se rapprochait davantage de la manière des établissements que les Carthaginois avaient semés autour de la Méditerranée, ou des forts que les Portugais avaient élevés le long des côtes africaines, tous consacrés d’abord au commerce. Aussi ces comptoirs étaient-ils en général ouverts sur le large et centrés sur une intense activité d’abord maritime. Les intérêts français en Inde ne semblaient pas être territoriaux, ni au départ de nature culturelle. Une des fonctions des Comptoirs a été longtemps de faire concurrence à la Grande-Bretagne (au départ de Calcutta) sur le commerce des Indiens vers les Antilles et l’océan Indien, dans des conditions proches de celles de la Traite traditionnelle. Aujourd’hui, les descendants de ces déportés font le voyage quasi annuel, de Trinidad ou Guadeloupe ou Martinique, (et probablement des pays de l’océan Indien), vers leurs terres et leurs familles d’origine, dans le sud de l’Inde, où ils renouent avec leurs coutumes, leurs langages et leurs religions, que d’ailleurs ils n’avaient jamais complètement abandonnés.
C’est là un cas remarquable de créolisation : ces pèlerins sont indiens et trinidadiens, indiens et guadeloupéens, et ils n’en souffrent nul dommage. Il s’est même institué, dans les îles de la Caraïbe, et sur le modèle de la Négritude d’Aimé Césaire, une théorie, ou une poétique, de la Koulitude, le mot kouli, (dérivé du mot coolie à l’usage plutôt péjoratif, et en l’occurrence hardiment revendiqué), désignant dans une partie de ces terres antillaises les habitants provenant de l’Inde. J’ai rendu visite, dans le nord de la Martinique, à l’occasion d’une fête rituelle que les Martiniquais appellent un manjé kouli, (un manger kouli, parce qu’on y sacrifie des cabris, qu’on cuisine ensuite), à une famille dont le chef était l’officiant de la fête, et il m’a montré dans le secret de sa case le livre de la famille, un gros cahier relié, sauvé des aléas du voyage, et où toutes les naissances et toutes les morts étaient consignées dans la langue d’origine.
Il semble que peu à peu, et bien avant la rétrocession des comptoirs à la nation indienne, l’intérêt commercial, déjà très faible, y a cédé à quelque chose qui ressemblait à une sorte particulière d’art de vi-vre, un provincialisme distingué mais non pas rétréci, fait d’un mélange de mœurs d’autant plus délicat qu’il était resserré dans les limites de très minuscules enclaves, et qui du coup laissait paraître un pen-chant fondamental pour des mélanges d’une autre sorte, culturels (et peut-être administratifs) avant tout. C’était là un processus original de créolisation.
Il semble aussi que cet état de choses a duré après le retour des territoires au sein de la nation in-dienne, et que l’influence française a diminué de plus en plus, sans que pourtant le caractère général et l’atmosphère de cette créolisation se perde. J’ai appelé créolisation un phénomène de mélange culturel qui se produit dans un lieu et un temps donnés, sans que les éléments mis en présence se dissolvent dans le mélange : une créolisation n’est pas une dilution.
C’est le mérite de M. Animesh Rai d’avoir approché la question des comptoirs avec toute la com-préhension qu’on peut porter à une situation complexe, où le juste sentiment de la fierté nationale in-dienne se mêle à la préoccupation de ne rien perdre d’un passé historique, même basé sur une occupation. Son travail révèle des infinités de nuances dans les caractères et les réalités de ces cinq villes ou territoires ou comptoirs. Une richesse infinie des types d’habitants, et une variété de situations particulières, qui nous font considérer ces lieux comme des trésors de diversité et d’originalité, et le livre de M. Rai comme une contribution irremplaçable à la pluralité non sectaire du monde.
-- Edouard Glissant --
"The Legacy of French Rule in India (1674-1954): an Investigation of a Process of Creolization."
Animesh Rai, IFP - Publications Hors série n° 8, French Institute of Pondicherry / Henri Peyre French Institute of CUNY, 2008, viii, 251 p. Language: English. Rs 500 (18 €) ISBN: 978-81-8470-167-8.
Résumé
Nous pouvons définir la créolisation comme étant une interaction de cultures hétérogènes menant à une réalité nouvelle et inattendue. Le but de cet ouvrage est de déterminer si près de trois siècles de présence française (1674-1954) dans les anciens territoires français de l'Inde (Pondichéry, Karikal, Mahé, Yanaon et Chandernagore) ont mené à une créolisation. Peut-on dire qu'il y a toujours des traces des anciennes particularités là-bas? Si cela est le cas, quelle est leur signification par rapport à l’Inde comme nation? L'enquête de l'auteur a été basée sur une analyse de faits historiques et de recherches sur le terrain à partir d'une observation de la vie locale et de conversations avec des habitants de ces territoires.
Mots-clefs: créolisation, anciens territoires français de l'Inde
A propos d'Animesh Rai:
Dr. Rai a reçu son doctorat en littérature française de la City University of New York avec pour directeur de thèse l'écrivain martiniquais Edouard Glissant, qui est une autorité sur la créolisation. Il a enseigné le français et la littérature au Washington and Jefferson College de Washington, Pensylvanie et au College of Saint Rose à Albany, New York.
Pour toute commande ou demande d'information, veuillez contacter:
Library
French Institute of Pondicherry
11, St. Louis Street, P.B. 33, Pondicherry-605 001, INDIA
Phone: (91)-413-2334168. Fax:(91)-413-2339534
E-mail:library@ifpindia.org
Tuesday, December 22, 2009
Introduction by Edouard Glissant to The Legacy of French Rule in India
The Comptoirs (trading posts) of India/Introduction to The Legacy of French Rule in India
This rather uncommon term is used to designate those territories occupied by France within the immensity of India whilst it was still a British colony. These exiguous territories, distant from one another, were always grouped together as Pondichéry Chandernagor Yanaon Karikal and Mahé, giving the impression of a single body of land or, rather, of a fairly integrated archipelago. Comptoirs also implied that French occupation was specific and comparable to the establishments sown around the Mediterranean by the Carthaginians, or to the forts raised by the Portuguese along the coasts of Africa, all of which were initially dedicated to trade. These trading posts usually overlooked the sea and centred around a great deal of, mostly maritime, activity. French interests in India did not at first appear to be either territorial or cultural. For a long time, one of the functions of the comptoirs was to compete with Britain (out of Calcutta) for Indian trade in the Caribbean and the Indian Ocean, in conditions similar to those of the traditional slave trade. The descendants of those transported people today travel almost every year from Trinidad, Guadeloupe and Martinique (as well, most probably, as from the countries in the Indian Ocean) to their land and their families of origin in South India, where they renew their links with their customs, languages and religion which they have not, in fact, ever completely abandoned.
We find here a remarkable instance of creolization: these pilgrims are Indian and Trinidadian, or Indian and Guadeloupean, and none the worse off for it. As well, there was instituted in the islands of the Caribbean a theory or a poetics of “Koulitude”, based on Aimé Césaire’s “Negritude”; the word “kouli” (derived from “coolie”, a rather pejorative term boldly claimed in this case), in this part of the Caribbean, designates those coming from India. Once, on a visit to the north of Martinique, I was present on the occasion of a ritual celebration which the Martinicans call a mangé kouli, a kouli feast (because baby goats are sacrificed and then cooked), with the family whose head officiated at the ceremony and he showed me, in a secret drawer , the family chronicle, a thick bound notebook which had been preserved through the vicissitudes of the journey, in which all births and deaths were recorded in the original language.
It seems that, little by little, and long before the comptoirs were handed over to the Indian nation, commercial interest, already very much weakened, gave way to something resembling a particular kind of life style: a provincialism, distinguished but not narrow, consisting of a mixture of moralities and all the more fragile for being contained within the limits of tiny enclaves. As a result there was leeway for a fundamental inclination for mixtures of another sort, especially cultural (and perhaps administrative). It was an original process of creolization.
It would appear too that this state of affairs continued after the territories had been returned to the Indian nation and that French influence decreased progressively without any loss in the general character and atmosphere of creolization. What I call creolization is a phenomenon of cultural mixing at a given time and place without the elements brought into contact being dissolved in the mixture: creolization is not dilution.
Animesh Rai is to be credited with having approached the question of the comptoirs with all the comprehension that can be brought to bear on a complex situation in which justifiable feelings of Indian national pride are tied to a concern with preventing an historic past from being lost, even when it is in the form of an occupation. Dr. Rai’s work reveals infinities of nuance in the nature and reality of these five towns, territories or comptoirs and an infinite richness of types of inhabitant, as well as a variety of specific situations which lead us to consider these places as treasures of diversity and originality. Dr. Rai’s book is an essential contribution to the non-sectarian plurality of the world.
- Edouard Glissant -
"The Legacy of French Rule in India (1674-1954): an Investigation of a Process of Creolization."
Animesh Rai, IFP - Publications Hors série n° 8, French Institute of Pondicherry / Henri Peyre French Institute of CUNY, 2008, viii, 251 p. Language: English. Rs 500 (18 €) ISBN: 978-81-8470-167-8.
Summary
Creolization can be defined as an interaction of heterogeneous cultures leading to a new and unexpected reality. This book is an attempt to investigate whether or not nearly three centuries of French presence (1674-1954) in the former French territories of India (Pondicherry, Karaikal, Mahé, Yanam and Chandernagore) have led to creolization. Can one say that there are traces of French colonization, language and culture in the former enclaves? If so, what is their significance with respect to India as a nation? The investigation has been based on an analysis of historical facts and ground realities gauged from an observation of local life and conversations with people of these territories.
Keywords: creolization, former French territories of India
About the author
The author earned a doctorate in French literature from the Graduate Center of the City University of New York under the guidance of the Martinican writer and leading theorist of creolization, Edouard Glissant. He has taught French language and literature at the Washington and Jefferson College in Washington, Pennsylvania and at the College of Saint Rose in Albany, New York.
For your orders/enquiries, please contact:
Library
French Institute of Pondicherry
11, St. Louis Street, P.B. 33, Pondicherry-605 001, INDIA
Phone: (91)-413-2334168. Fax:(91)-413-2339534
E-mail:library@ifpindia.org